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Tuesday, June 12, 2012

Teekacharya- The master of commentaries!

JayatirthaI was searching nearby places to Gulbarga to visit. I got to see name of village malkheda having the samadhi of Jayatirtha on googleSri Jayatirtha is one of the acharyas in the Madhva line.My spiritual master HH Radhanath Swami has given beautiful classes on Madhvacharya, that propelled my desire to visit the place. I have included one of his inspiring classes on Madhvacharya in the end of this post. It immediately reminded me of Parampara song written by Srila Bhakti Siddhant Saraswati Thakur,  Second Stanza of the song has the name of Jayatirtha...

nṛhari mādhava-baḿśeakṣobhya paramahaḿse,
śiṣya boliańgīkāra kore
akṣobhyera śiṣya jaya-tīrtha nāme paricaya,
tāra dāsye jñānasindhu tore 
(The two other principal disciples of Madhva are Nrhari Tirtha and Madhava TirthaMadhava Tirtha accepted the great paramhamsa Aksobhya Tirtha as a disciple. The principal disciple of Aksobhya Tirtha was known as JayatirthaJayatirtha's service was for his disciple Jnanasindhu.

      Around 40 KM  from Gulbarga is the samadhi of the Sri Jayatirtha at the malkheda, they call it is Jayatirther Vrindavan. I immediately decided to visit the place whenever I get a chance. Last Saturday me & my friend Sandeep reached Gulbarga early in the morning. Immediately after that we took bus to Malkheda.
Few kilometers before the city is the Uttarati muth, the place of samadhi of Akshobhya Tirtha & Jayatirtha. Its on the bank of the Kagini river.
We entered matha. It was big. The priests there welcomed us. I told them our sppiritual family connection. We had nice river bath in Kagini. Then we went to the Samadhi of Akshobhya Tirtha & Jayatirtha. 
Jayatirtha is known as Teekacharya for his unmatched commentary "Nyayasudha" on the commentary of the Madhvacharya on brahma sutra. Its said anybody studying Dvaita philosophy must study Jayatirtha's commentary to complete the study. I prayed to get the deep taste for studying the philosophy  & detachment.

I am pasting amazing Life History Of Jayatirtha below 
Legend
According to legend, in a previous birth, Sri Jayatîrtha was a bull that served as a pack-animal, and traveled with Srimad Ananda Tîrtha (Madhva) and his devotees, carrying his library of teachings. When Srimad Ananda Tîrtha gave a lecture, the bull would stand at a distance and listen silently. Once some disciples approached Sri Ananda Teertha to seek the privilege of writing commentaries on his works, and he told them it would not be any of them, but the bull, that would be is commentator. At this, some jealous disciples laid a curse on the bull, so that it would be bitten to death by a snake. When Sri Anand Teertha heard of this, he changed the wording of the curse slightly, so that the snake bit the bull and itself died immediately, leaving its victim unharmed.

Life
Sri Jayatîrtha's biographies include Anu-Jayatîrtha-Vijaya and Brhad-Jayatîrtha-Vijaya. Jayatirtha was born as Dhondupant (Dhondurao) to Raghunath, a Brahmin king, and Sakubai Deshpande. His birthplace was Mangalavedhe, which lies near Pandharapur, about 12 miles south-east of Pandharpur in today’s Maharashtra. Because he was heir to the throne, he had wealth, power, and the affection of his parents and the people. He was very handsome, healthy, intelligent, endowed with physical vigor, and given to outdoor activity such as horseback riding.
Once, when the young Dhond Pant Raghunath (his name during pûrva-âshrama) was horse-riding, he bent down and quenched his thirst from a river without dismounting or even stopping his horse. Sri Akshobhya Teertha, a direct disciple of Sri Anand Teertha happened to witness this and asked him in Sanskrit “kim pashuH pûrva-dehe?” (“Did you have an animal’s body previously?”). This question triggered the memory of his previous birth within young Dhondupant, and reminded him of his duties to Sri Anand Teertha. He was overcome by a desire to renounce material life and devote his life to the services of his master. Sri Akshobhya Teertha then initiated him in to Sanyasa (monastic vows). When Raghunath Deshpande, Dhondupant’s father came to know about this, he was very angry with Sri Akshobhya Teertha and forcibly took the boy back home, in order to get him married. Forced into marriage against his wishes, Dhondupant took the form of a snake, which made his father realize that his son was no ordinary being but was born to great deeds. He acquiesced to Dhondupant’s wishes, and Dhondupant, after blessing his father to have another son who would take care of the family, attained sainthood and became Sri Jayateertharu.
Sri Jayatîrtha's Brndâvana (sacred tomb) is at Malkheda, in the north of modern Karnataka state, from where he continues to bless devotees who, in spite of their own lack of any significant ability, seek to understand Srimad Ananda Tîrtha's writings correctly.

Works and thoughts
After Madhva himself, Jayatirtha is the most important theologian in the Dvaita tradition. He wrote 22 works, including many commentaries on Madhva. His depth of scholarship can be credited with raising the fledgling Dvaita School to a position of scholastic equality with Advaita and Visistadvaita. Jayatirtha’s lucid style and precise expositions Ananda Tîrtha's masterpieces established him as one of the greatest of the Sanskrit philosophical writers.
Nyayasudha is known as Sri Jayateertha’s magnum opus and is the exhaustive and detailed commentary (Teeka is Sanskrit for commentary, hence he is also known as Teekacharya) on Sri Madhvacharya’s Anuvyakhyana which in turn itself is a commentary on Brahma Sutras by Veda Vyasa. Sri Jayateertha has brilliantly and more importantly, sincerely, captured the pithy statements of his master in simple language. It is universally admitted in the Dvaita tradition that the philosophical depth and breadth of Tatvavada can only be appreciated with the help of the Nyaya Sudha. In a very attractive and lucid style, Sri Jayatirtha not only presents and strongly defends almost all the important philosophical and epistemological issues from the Dvaita point of view, but also severely criticizes other major philosophical systems of India such as the Bauddha, JainaNyaya-Vaisesika, Bhatta-Prabhakara MimamsaAdvaita and Visishtadvaita. Thus, in the Dvaita tradition, the work is held in very high esteem and it is believed that scholarship in Dvaita Vedanta is incomplete without a thorough study of this monumental work. A popular saying, "sudhâ vâ paThanîyâ, vasudhâ vâ pâlanîyâ," conveys the meaning that the joy of studying the Nyâya-Sudhâ can only be compared to the joy of ruling a kingdom.
Sri Jayatîrtha's VâdâvaLî, which is an original work, refutes the theory of illusion, and is considered to be the earliest major Mâdhva polemical text after those authored by Srimad Ananda Tîrtha himself; it also is a precursor to the Nyâyamrta and Tarka-tânDava of Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha, and other later works.

Dvaita
In contrast with the advaita (non-dualist) philosophy expounded by Shankara, Dvaita maintains that there is an eternal distinction between the individual self and the absolute. Souls are in bondage to the earthly cycle of life and death because they are ignorant of the true nature of God. Liberation cannot be achieved through knowledge and performance of ritual duties alone, but requires the grace of God, which can only be acquired through bhakti (devotion). The liberated soul does not become one with God but exists separately in bliss.

Major Works
§  Nyaya sudha (Nectar of logic)
§  Tattva prakashika (The light of truth)
§  Prameya deepika (The light of object of knowledge)
§  Nyaya deepika (The light of logic)

Audio biography Sripad Madhvacharya-



3 comments:

  1. A very good article on Sri Teekacharyaru. Great insight of their works given. Also their samadhi place. thanks for your humble work.May god bless you..

    ReplyDelete
  2. Please accept my wishes for this wonderful article ,

    Correction:
    Teeka is commentary on the commentary, Sanskrit word for commentary is 'Bhasya' ,so commentary to Bhashya is Teeka:

    Ex: Srila Prabhupada: Bhagvad Gita As it Is is commentary on original BGita while Surrender unto me by Burijan Pr is a Teeka that is why Jayatheertha was Teeka archaya as he commented on the commentary of Madhwa

    Please forgive me for only dwelling on mistakes, do delete this comment after due correction
    once again I beg for forgiveness for finding faults

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Dear Prabhu,

      You are correct. But since the commentary over commentary has no separate word in English as in Sanskrit so I have to use word commentary only.
      Thank you very much for your kind concern.

      YS Toshan Nimai Das (Tushar)

      Delete